How to Do Horizontal Expansions or Compressions in a Function

• Cura Best Setting
• Cura Support Settings

Ultimaker Cura is free, easy-to-use 3D printing software trusted by millions of users. Fine-tune your 3D model with 400+ settings for the best slicing and printing results. Printing ABS can be a real pain. Below is a printing profile for ABS filament material. In general: Nozzle temp: 255 degrees C Bed temp: 110 degrees C Turn off cooling fan Solves layer delamination since layers will cool too fast and ABS shrinks more than other plastics. In Cura 4.6 there will be a 'horizontal expansion' that only applies to holes. It's also not a complete solution since it will not apply to inner circles that have an opening on one side, but it will be an effective compensation measure for screw holes and the like. View entire discussion (1 comments) More posts from the Cura community. Step 4: Adjust the Horizontal Expansion setting in Cura. (By default this option is hidden, to unhide this option, follow these simple steps) Click Custom on the upper right; Click the gear in the Shell dropdown. (when your mouse hovers near it, it will appear) Scroll down a tiny bit and check the box next to Horizontal Expansion.

Cura bevat alles wat je nodig hebt om een 3d-bestand te kunnen printen. Het werkt met alle Ultimaker-printers, maar ook met die van RepRap en Printrbot. Adjust initial layer horizontal expansion.

Let y = f(x) be a function.

In the above function, if we want to do horizontal expansion or compression by a factor of 'k', at every where of the function, 'x' co-ordinate has to be multiplied by the factor 'k'. Then, we get the new function

y = f(kx)

The graph of y = f(kx) can be obtained by expanding or compressing the graph of y = f(x) horizontally by the factor 'k'.
It can be done by using the rule given below.

Horizontal Expansion - Example

Question :

Perform the following transformation to the function y = √x.

'a horizontal expansion by a factor 0.5'

And also write the formula that gives the requested transformation and draw the graph of both the given function and the transformed function

Answer :

Step 1 :

Since we do horizontal expansion by the factor '0.5', we have to replace 'x' by '0.5x' in the given function y = √x.

Step 2 :

So, the formula that gives the requested transformation is

y = √0.5x

Step 3 :

The graph y = √0.5x can be obtained by expanding the graph of the function y = √x horizontally by the factor 0.5.

(x , y ) -----------------> ( 0.5x , y )

Step 4 :

The graph of the original function (given function)

Step 5 :

Cura Best Setting

The graph of the function in which horizontal expansion made by the factor '0.5'.

How to sketch the graph of the function which is horizontally expanded or compressed ?

Let 'y = f(x)' be the given function and (x , y) by any point on the graph of the function y = f(x).

If we want to perform horizontal expansion in the graph of the function y = f(x) by the factor '0.5', we have to write the point (x , y) as (0.5x , y).

That is, 'x' co-ordinate of each and every point to be multiplied by the factor 0.5.

Therefore, any point on the horizontally expanded graph will be in the form of (0.5x , y)

So, each and every point to be changed according to (0.5x, y) and plot them on the graph.

After having plotted the points, if we connect all the points, we will get the horizontally expanded graph.

The same procedure to be followed for horizontal compression.

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SBI!

Although the perimeters setting is easy, many people still struggle with it. Even some of them do not know why they should use it. So what about you? Are you familiar with PERIMETERS?

Perimeters setting is located in Slic3r program under Print setting tab in section Vertical shells.

Slic3r

Cura Support Settings

The given number basically indicates how many threads will form the printed wall. The higher number the thicker wall. For the thicker wall you need more material and printing spends more time. So why would anyone wanted to use higher perimeters number?

Slic3r / Plater / Print preview – PERIMETERS: 2; 3; 5; 7

Imagine you need to print very slanting surface rising at a slight angle and you do not want you use any infill or support because the final product is supposed to be hollow. In this case an error usually occurs. The defect consists in horizontal contours that are elapsing by a larger distance than the layers are printed in vertical direction (thread diameter / slice thinness). Because of that the nozzle is forced to lay single fibres into the void and inaccuracies will happen. But the thicker wall the bigger chance to catch the fibres to the previous layer.

PERIMETERS: 2 vs. PERIMETERS:5
Rising angle: 13°; Layer height: 0.2 mm

It is important to do several printing tests of critical spots to develop optimal setting. The image below shows comparison between PERIMETERS: 2 and PERIMETERS: 5 using the same set of inclined surfaces. In this case (Material: PLA-D 1,75mm; Layer height: 0.20 mm; Model size: 30 x 30 mm) is shown that PERIMETERS: 2 work fine from angle 35° and PERIMETERS: 5 can be happily used even from angle 20°. Keep in mind this model has straight applying way, for curved surfaced the PERIMETERS setting would work differently.

PERIMETERS: 2

PERIMETERS: 5

Printing defects shown on curved surfaces.

WHAT WE USE

In our Prusa3D driver package we have preconfigured Slic3r to use 2 perimeters for 0.2mm layer height and more for smaller layer heights. It provides great speed to quality ratio for most parts. We set the Slic3r to print from inside out to have invisible seam from layer change, but with increasing the perimeter count, the accuracy errors can stack up with each added perimeter.

OTHER PROGRAMS

This manual shows only perimeters setting in program Slic3r. Every single program exporitng .gcode files is solving perimeters setting differently. Following printscreen shows perimeters setting in program Simplify, which computes thicker wall in critical spots. Same applies to Cura from Ultimaker. Unfortunately Cura lacks a lot of features and has really bad user interface compared to our preferred Slic3r.

Simplify